首先需要說明的是清艙是船東的責(zé)任。能否通過驗(yàn)艙也是船東的責(zé)任，除非是做time charter里面的中間航次（當(dāng)然一切都要看Charter Party Clause）。大部分的time charter會(huì)規(guī)定中間航次的掃艙責(zé)任，比如下面的BIMCO關(guān)于中間掃艙的條款，船東就不必負(fù)責(zé)過驗(yàn)艙，所有掃艙需要的化學(xué)品也會(huì)由租家去承擔(dān)。

HOLD CLEANING/RESIDUEDISPOSAL CLAUSE FOR TIME CHARTER PARTIES 2013

(a) The Charterers may request the Owners to direct the crew to sweep and/or wash and/or clean the holds between voyages and/or between cargoes against payment at the rate of ……. per hold, provided the crew is able safely to undertake such work and is allowed to do so by local regulations. In connection with any such operation the Owners shall not be responsible if the Vessel's holds are not accepted or passed. Time for cleaning shall be for the Charterers’ account.

(b) All cleaning agents and additives (including chemicals and detergents) required for cleaning cargo holds shall be supplied and paid for by the Charterers. The Charterers shall provide the Owners with a dated and signed statement identifying cleaning agents and additives that, in accordance with IMO Resolution 219(63) Guidelines for the Implementation of MARPOL Annex V, are not substances harmful to the marine environment and do not contain any component known to be carcinogenic,mutagenic or reprotoxic.

(c) Throughout the currency of this Charter Party and at redelivery, the Charterers shall remain responsible for all costs and time, including deviation, if any, associated with the removal and disposal of cargo related residues and/or hold washing water and/or cleaning agents and detergents and/or waste . Removal and disposalas aforesaid shall always be in accordance with and as defined by MARPOL AnnexV, or other applicable rules.

說到這里要highlight一下在定下一航次時(shí)對(duì)貨艙的要求：

1. 一定要考慮到下一載貨對(duì)貨艙有什么樣的要求，清潔貨還是臟貨；

2. 現(xiàn)在船上的貨卸完之后，有沒有足夠的時(shí)間清艙，并保證在裝下一載貨之前ready to load the intent cargo；

3. 如果上一載是臟貨，比如Petcoke，下一載貨是對(duì)驗(yàn)艙有很高要求的清潔貨，比如grains, alumina，還要考慮即使有時(shí)間做大艙，也會(huì)有很高的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)fail holds inspection；

如果裝清潔貨，一般租家都會(huì)要求船東提供last 3 or last 5 cargoes，還會(huì)要求船東提供 photos to show the holds’ condition。現(xiàn)在好多Operator都是拿的COA，他們會(huì)更緊張船能否pass holds inspection，因?yàn)樗麄儗?duì)他們的合同方，比如shippers，負(fù)有責(zé)任提供一條大艙狀況好適合裝貨的船。如果fail holds inspection，可能分分鐘Shippers就不會(huì)再給貨了。話說回來，如果failed holds inspection，讓船東頭疼的事情就來了，一般船會(huì)被強(qiáng)制離泊去錨地繼續(xù)做大艙。會(huì)被off-hire不說（天經(jīng)地義的嘛），船員如果無法清潔到surveyor滿意的程度，還得叫岸上的清理公司幫忙清艙，這一來一回費(fèi)用就多了去了。被off-hire的租金和油耗損失、船移泊的費(fèi)用shiftingcost + pilotage+anchorage dues if any、launch boat等交通費(fèi)用、shore labor的費(fèi)用、PNI surveyor費(fèi)用、代理的coordination/agencyfee等等，都會(huì)算在船東頭上。以后有機(jī)會(huì)再講講這些細(xì)節(jié)的東西。

籠統(tǒng)的講cargo holds cleaning的步驟大概分下面幾步，不同貨物會(huì)有不同的特殊要求：

1. clean/sweep/pick up residues – 就是要把上一載剩下的貨渣都清理干凈；

2. Sea water wash holds – 用海水洗一遍（因?yàn)楹Ｋ换ㄥX）；

3. Sea water wash hatch covers, main deck and decks around holds etc – 總之還得還把甲板什么也得沖干凈；

4. Chemical wash if necessary – 化學(xué)品挺貴的，要省著用，好鋼用在刀刃上嘛。裝完iron ore再裝coal就絕對(duì)沒有必要用化學(xué)品了。裝什么貨物之后大艙需要用化學(xué)品清洗這個(gè)以后再講，主要是那些有油的貨物需要apply chemical；

5. Fresh water wash – 用淡水洗。這一步對(duì)裝鋼材尤其重要，具體以后再表。

6. Pick up/disposeremaining cargo – 沖沖洗洗之后可能還有貨渣要清理掉；

7. Clean and dry upbilges – 清理艙底污水管；

8. Fit burlap on bilgecovers；

9. Spot check/derust loose paint – 除銹很重要，也是經(jīng)常裝清潔貨大艙日常保養(yǎng)的一部分；

10. Spot touch up and paint as required – 補(bǔ)油、刷漆（這跟平時(shí)補(bǔ)妝差不多嘛）；

11. Final check beforearrival – 整體檢查。

有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的船長懂得如何去安排清艙，并會(huì)十分配合。有時(shí)候遇到短航次，留給船員清艙的時(shí)候可能只有一兩天，又要清洗又要排污水又要晾干貨艙，甲板船員的錢也都是血汗錢啊！市場不好，有貨裝就好，裝完清潔貨接著裝臟貨然后又是清潔貨，船員們的內(nèi)心也是……

總之，作為小船的操作，monitor cargo holds cleaning至關(guān)重要（如果是做capesize的除了iron ore就是coal，那就沒必要去monitor了）。